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Why Healthy Aging Matters
Aging in dogs is characterized by gradual cellular stress, reduced regenerative efficiency, and increased metabolic demand.
Understanding the biological basis of aging allows nutritional science to contribute meaningfully to long-term vitality.
Emerging aging biomarkers in dogs
1. Telomere Length
Telomeres shorten as cells divide and age. Shorter telomeres are associated with cellular replicative exhaustion and increased disease risk.
2. DNA Methylation Age
Also called "Epigenetic Clock", DNA methylation patterns change predictably with age. Epigenetic clocks estimate biological age and may detect accelerated or slowed aging.
3. Cellular Senescence Markers
p16^INK4a Expression
p21 Expression
SA-β-gal Activity
SASP Cytokines
4. Inflammatory Marker
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)
MCP-1
5. Growth & Hormonal Markers
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) IGF-1 is a growth hormone that drives cell development. In aging research, it is a key biomarker for longevity.
6. Metabolic Markers
Fasting Glucose
Insulin Sensitivity
Lipid Profile
AMPK Activity
mTOR Signaling
7. Mitochondrial Markers
mtDNA Copy Number
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
ATP Production
8. Stem Cell Markers
Bone Merrow Density
Circulating Progenitor Cells
9. NAD⁺ Levels
NAD⁺ Concentration
10. Proteomic Aging Signatures
Plasma Proteomic Age
11. Functional Aging Markers
Gait Speed
Muscle Mass (Lean Body Mass)
Activity Levels
Cognitive Function Scores
12. Composite Aging Index
Multimodal Aging Score Combines molecular, metabolic, and functional markers. Provides a more accurate estimate of biological aging than any single biomarker.
CGI Framework Diagram
Conceptual Framework in Canine Geronutrition Research
Mechanistic Context → Measurement → Responsible Interpretation
Association within defined study context Biological signal interpretation Comparative analysis
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✘ Lifespan extension claim
✘ Disease treatment inference
✘ Clinical outcome extrapolation
Our Approach
We distinguish between:
Nutritional strategies are not intended to replace veterinary therapies, but may contribute foundational support within daily diets.
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